ajrmufudk&D;,m;EdkifiHu jrefrmEdkifiHodkY 'Hk;usnfrsm; a&mif;csay;aeonf/ EsLuvD;,m;enf;ynmudk axmufyHhay;ae onf[laom t"dyÜm,f r½dSvSonfh owif;wpfyk'fudk jrefrmtpdk;&u wdwdvif;vif; jrefjrefqefqefyif y,fcsvdkufonf/ tpdk;&u tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmuf&ef &nf½G,fcsuf tvsOf;r½dSyg[k csufcsif;yif ajymMum;cJhonf/ uREkfyfwdkY taeESifhvnf; xdkajymMum;csufrSm trSefyifjzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/

olwdkYonf jrefrmEdkifiHESifhpyfvsOf;í tmaygiftm&if; oefoefESifh Budrf;armif; [def;a[muf a&;om;wwfMuaomfvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifhrl ..

pmzwfolonf jrefrmEdkifiHrSm aexdkifoljzpfvQif tvGefodom xif½Sm;vSygonf/ tjyiftywGif jrefrmEdkifiHESifh ywfoufí rnfolawGu rnfodkYyif ajymaeonfjzpfap trSefw&m;rSmum; ajrmufudk&D;,m;EdkifiHonf yx0D taetxm;t& rdkifaygif; axmifcsDí a0;vHvGef;vSaom EdkifiHjzpfae½Hk omru tawG;tac: t,ltqESifh rd½dk; zvm ,Ofaus;rIwdkYt&ajym&vQif tvif;ESpfESifhcsDí a0;uGmvGef;vSygonf/

tpdk;&\ aMunmcsufwGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf EdkifiHwdkif;\ rdwfaqGEdkifiHjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfhEdkifiH\ r[mrdwfaomfvnf;aumif;? &efolaomfvnf;aumif; r[kwfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf tdrfeD;csif; EdkifiHrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJaexdkifvsuf½dSNyD; EsLuvD;,m; vufeufudkifpGJum tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufrnfh EdkifiHjzpfvm&ef &nfrSef;csufqE´vHk;0r½dSaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/

Far Eastern Economic Review ac: ta½SUzsm;pD;yGm;a&;pmapmifyg aqmif;yg; wpfyk'fü a&;om;xm;csufudkacsy ½Sif;vif;&ef vdktyfonfhtwdkif; tpdk;&u ½Sif;vif; aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkpmapmifrSm ta½SUawmiftm½S½dS tcsdKU EdkifiHrsm;tay: wpfcgw&H rvdkvQif rvdkovdk a&;wwfaom pmapmif[k trsm;u vufcH em;vnfxm;Muaom pmapmifjzpfonf/

uRefawmfodorQ ajym&vQif vGefcJhonfh av;ESpfwmumv twGif; xdkpmapmif\ owif;axmuf þEdkifiHrSm ½dSonf[k rMum;zl;yg/

xdkYjyif xdkpmapmiftwGuf a&;om;ay;ydkYaeonf[k uRefawmf odxm;oltcsdKUrSmvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH tay: rSefrSefuefuef rjrifEdkifolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ olwdkYonf jrefrmEdkifiHESifhpyfvsOf;í tmaygiftm&if; oefoefESifh Budrf;armif; [def;a[muf a&;om;wwfMuaomfvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifhrl ¤if;wdkY\ a&;om;azmfjycsufrsm;onf 0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;avmufatmif trSefw&m;ESifh uif;uGmvGef;vSygonf/

ta½SUzsm;pD;yGm;a&;pmapmifwGif azmfjyxm;onfh owif;rSm ajrmufudk&D;,m;u jrefrmEdkifiHtm; vufeuftopfrsm; axmufyHhaeonf[k aomfvnf;aumif;? axmufyHh&efpDpOfaeonf [kaomfvnf;aumif;? t&dyfvu©Pmrsm; awGU½dScJh&onf[k oHwrefrsm;u ajymaMumif; owif;jzpfonf/ bdef;jzLESifh tvJtvS,fvkyfjcif; jzpfEdkifonf[kvnf; qdkxm;onf/

xdkowif;üyif ajrmufukd&D;,m;uRrf;usifolrsm;onf &efukefNrdKU teD;½dS a&wyftajccspcef; wpfckü tvkyfvkyfvsuf ½dSMu aMumif;? xdkvufeufrsm;udk jrefrmppf a&,mOfrsm;ay:ü wyfqif&efBudKwifjyif qifaejcif; jzpfEdkifaMumif; a&;om;xm;onf/

þuJhodkYaom owif;aqmif;yg;rsdK;onf avQmhavQmhayghaygh ajym&vQif r[kwfu [kwfuawGyg[k ajymEdkifNyD; trSefpifppfrl jrefrmEdkifiH wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufaMumif; vkyfaeonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk qdk;usdK;oufa&muf apEdkifygonf/ ravQmhwrf; ajym&vQif t½Sufr½dS ajAmifusus apmfum;vdkufjcif;jzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; vkyfief;pOfudk vrf;acsmfusoGm;atmif vkyfvdkufonfh tzsuftarSmihf vkyfief;wpf&yfyifjzpfonf[k qdk&ayrnf/

tpdk;&u w&m;0if xkwfjyefvkdufaom aMunmcsufwGif xdkowif;aqmif;yg;rSm ]tawmfyifa&mf&rf;rSef;qí} a&;om;xm;aom oabm½dSaMumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHtaeESifh EdkifiHawmfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf EdkifiH\ t&if;tESD;tm;vHk;udk vdktyfaMumif; tpdk;&uazmfjyxm;onf/

]]jrefrmEdkifiHtaeESifh EdkifiHawmfzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufa&;twGuf tajccHtaqmufttHk wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhyif rtm;vyf&avmufatmif tvkyfrsm;vSonfhtjyif wpfzufuvnf; usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;u@wdkY zGHUNzdK; wdk;wufa&;ESifh rl;,pfaq;0g; yaysmufa&; pDrHudef;rsm;udk xdyfwef; OD;pm;ay; vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf aqmif½Gufae&ygaMumif; ¤if;aMunmcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onf/

]]jynfolwpf&yfvHk; vlaerItqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vma&;twGuf rdrdwdkY ½dSorQtiftm; ESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;cs&ef tm½Hkpdkuf &rnfhtjyif wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif wu,fh vufawGUb0ü taumiftxnfazmf&ef jzpfEdkifaom 'Drdkua&pDpepfxlaxmifa&; ESifh aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfjzpfay:vmonftxd toGiful;ajymif;a&;wpf&yfudk wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm jzwfoef;oGm;&rnfh tcgor, jzpfaMumif;}} vnf; azmfjyxm;onf/

ta½SUzsm; pD;yGm;a&; pmapmifwGif pma&;oltaeESifh 1983 ckESpfu jrefrmEdkifiH tmZmenfAdrmefü awmifudk&D;,m;or®w vma&mufpOf AHk;cGJojzifh {nfhonfrsm;a&m tdrf½Sifrsm;yg aoqHk;cJhMu&onfh 0rf;enf; zG,fjzpf&yfudk rodíjzpfap? odvsufESifh pmzwfolrsm;udk xdrfcsefvdkíjzpfap razmfjy cJhjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

þ0rf;enf;zG,f tjzpftysufrSm wpfEdkifiHvHk;u txGwftjrwfxm;Muaom a½Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;ESifh cJwpf ypftuGmae&mrSmjzpfysufcJhjcif;yifjzpfonf/

xdktcsdefrSpí jrefrmEdkifiHonf ajrmuf udk&D;,m;EdkifiHESifh oHwref tquftoG,f jzwfcJh½Hkomru rnfonfh tquftoG,f rSvnf; r½dScJhawmhay&m ¤if;pmapmifwGif pGyfpGJxm;ovdkrsdK;jzpf&ef taMumif;rjrifygay/